Of the
90 or so chemical elements that occur naturally in matter, less
than 20 are found in a pure, or unreacted, form. These metals,
semi-metals and non-metals occur because they are sufficiently
stable chemically to resist reaction with other chemical agents,
at least partially. Under some circumstances they may therefore
resist forming compounds and can thus be found in their native
state.
Only the
metals of the gold and platinum groups of the periodic
table,
which are the most unreactive, can be found in any significant
amounts. Metals are easily recognised by their metallic luster
and malleability (which means that they can be deformed by hitting
without disintegrating). Unlike metals, native non-metals are
brittle and are poor conductors of electricity. They are usually
found in the carbon and sulphur groups of the periodic
table.
The last group falls between the metals and non metals in the
periodic
table and exhibit a mixture of both properties. These
semi-metals typically inlude antimony, bismuth and arsenic, although
some chemists also include selenium and tellurium in this group.